There have been a number of experimental studies on droplet impacts with flexible, or soft deformable, substrates, considering both the pre-impact 8,9 8.ĭroplet impacts onto soft solids entrap more air,” Soft Matterīouncing-to-wetting transition of water droplets impacting soft solids,” Soft Matterġ7, 5969– 5977 (2021). but the aim of this paper is to examine the influence of another alterable surface property, deformability. or textured surfaces, 7 7.ĭynamical behavior of droplets transiently impacting on superhydrophobic microstructures,” Phys. The main forms of surface engineering revolve around the use of microstructured roughness 6 6.Įffect of surface roughness on droplet splashing,” Phys. can have hugely desirable effects in all the applications mentioned above, among others. On the nanoengineering of superhydrophobic and impalement resistant surface textures below the freezing temperature,” Nano Lett.ġ4, 172– 182 (2014). Supercooled water drops impacting superhydrophobic textures,” Langmuir The use of surface engineering to control droplet impacts 4,5 4. 3 3.įluid fragmentation shapes rain-induced foliar disease transmission,” J. and rain-induced foliar disease transmission. ink-jet printing, 2 2.Įxperimental study of the impact of an ink-jet printed droplet on a solid substrate,” Phys. Robust anti-icing performance of a flexible superhydrophobic surface,” Adv. The impact of a droplet on a deformable surface is a commonly occurring event in a number of industrial and natural settings, such as in anti-icing technologies, 1 1. Connections (including subtle dependence of the size of entrapped air on the droplet velocity, reduced pressure peaks, and droplet gliding) with recent experiments and a large deformation analysis are also presented. Numerical solutions are presented, highlighting a number of key consequences of surface deformability on the pre-impact phase of droplet impact, such as reduction in pressure buildup, increased air entrapment, and considerable delay to touchdown. The coupled system is then investigated in two cases: a soft viscoelastic case where the surface stiffness and (viscous) damping are considered and a more general flexible surface where all relevant parameters are retained. The deformation of the surface is first described in a rather general form, based on previous membrane-type models. In a two-dimensional framework, assuming small density and viscosity ratios between the air and the liquid, a reduced system of integrodifferential equations is derived governing the liquid droplet free-surface shape, the pressure in the thin air film, and the deformation of the surface, assuming the effects of surface tension, compressibility, and gravity to be negligible. The role that the surface deformation plays in an air cushioned impact of a liquid droplet is considered here. To sign up for our newsletter, click here.The nonlinear interaction between air and a water droplet just prior to a high-speed impingement on a surface is a phenomenon that has been researched extensively and occurs in a number of industrial settings. Global Refrigerant Impact from 6 Appliances in 22 Countries – Full methodology for calculating the impacts of conventional refrigerants, to be integrated into Mepsy in the future Methodology FAQ– More detailed explanations of the methodologiesĮxtending Mepsy Past 2030 – Full methodology for our extension model (currently until the year 2050) Mepsy Methodology and Assumptions – A summary of the methodology used for appliance model forecasting How Mepsy Can Transform Your Energy Efficiency Policy Development webinar– 16 March 2022 How to Evaluate and Prioritize Efficiency Policies with Mepsy webinar – 27 April 2021 More questions about Mepsy? Check out the FAQ or contact us. Coming soon: commercial refrigeration, distribution transformers, and refrigerated display cases. The tool supports policy analysis for space heating equipment, air conditioners, refrigerators, fans, motors, televisions, lighting, and residential water heaters. Mepsy calculates product energy use according to a “bottom-up” accounting approach which factors in the number of appliances in use in a country, the energy performance of representative products, the climate-intensity of the local power grid, and other variables to analyze the electricity use, carbon dioxide emissions, and consumer energy costs associated with a given policy scenario.
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